Periodontal disease status and treatment need among a Kurdish population in Sulaimani - Iraq as assessed by CPITN index

Authors

  • Sarhang Sarwat Gul College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15218/edj.2021.09

Keywords:

Periodontal diseases, Epidemiology, CPITN, Kurdish population

Abstract

Background and Objective: This study identifies the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases in a given population of Sulaimani using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) and attempts to find the relation of CPITN with age, sex, location, visit to dentist, tooth brushing, use of mouth wash and interdental aids, systemic disease, smoking status and missing teeth.
Methods: Periodontal examinations were performed using CPITN, plaque index (PI) and bleeding index (BI). Other data including location, visit to dentist, tooth brushing, use of mouth wash and interdental aids, presence of systemic diseases, smoking status and missing teeth were also collected. The data were subjected to logistic regression to find a relation between periodontal status and other variables.
Results: Among the 1354 subjects examined, 43.6% were male and the majority of these (80.9%) were from urban areas. The mean PI and BI were 0.64±24 and 0.39±0.28, respectively. Calculus was the most prevalent highest score amongst examined subjects (62.2%), followed by shallow pocket (22.2%) and bleeding (9%). Among the sextants, lower central sextants were found to have the highest percentage of calculus. The highest percentages of shallow and deep pockets were found at upper left (14%, 2.5%, respectively) and upper right (11.4%, 3.2%, respectively) sextants. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex, frequency of brushing and smoking significantly correlated with CPITN scores.
Conclusion: Prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases are high in the examined population and age, sex, brushing and smoking were shown to have an impact on periodontal condition.

References

Page RC, Beck JD. Risk assessment for periodontal diseases. Int Dent J1997;47(2):61-87.

Cutress TW, Ainamo J, Sardo-Infirri J. The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) procedure for population groups and individuals. Int Dent J 1987;37(4):222-33.

Hugoson A, Sjodin B, Norderyd O. Trends over 30

years, 1973– 2003, in the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2008;35 (5):405-14

Holtfreter B, Kocher T, Hoffmann T, Desvarieux M, Micheelis W. Prevalence of periodontal disease and treatment demands based on a German dental survey (DMS IV). J Clin Periodontol 2010;37(3):211-9.

Dye BA. Global periodontal disease epidemiology. Periodontol 2000. 2012;58(1):10-25.

Morris AJ, Steele J, White DA. The oral cleanliness and periodontal health of UK adults in 1998. Br Dent J 2001;191(4):186-92.

Shanbhag S, Dahiya M, Croucher R. The impact of periodontal therapy on oral health-related quality of life in adults: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2012;39(8):725-35.

Slots J. Low-cost periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2012;60(1):110-37.

Ainamo J, Ainamo A. Validity and relevance of the criteria of the CPITN. Int Dent J 1994;44(5 Suppl 1):527-32.

Ainamo J, Barmes D, Beagrie G, Cutress T, Martin J, Infirri JS. Development of the World Health Organization (WHO) community periodontal index

of treatment needs (CPITN). Int Dent J 1982;32.(3):281–91.

Pilot T, Miyazaki H. Global results: 15 years of CPITN epidemiology. Int Dent J 1994;44(5 Suppl 1):553–60.

Gul SS, Douglas CW, Griffiths GS, Rawlinson A. A pilot study of active enzyme levels in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2016;43(8):629-36.

Ainamo J, Barmes D, Beagrie G, Cutress T, Martin J, Sardoinfirri J. Development of the World Health Organization (WHO) community periodental index of treatment needs (CPITN). Int Dent J 1982;32(3):281-91.

Benigeri M, Brodeur JM, Payette M, Charbonneau A, Ismail AI. Community periodontal index of treatment needs and prevalence of periodontal

conditions. J Clin Periodontol 2000;27(5):308-12.

Angeli F, Verdecchia, P, Pellegrino C, et al.. Association between periodontal disease and left ventricle mass in essential hypertension. Hypertension 2003;41(3)488-92.

El-Qaderi SS, Quteish Ta'ani D. Assessment of periodontal knowledge and periodontal status of an adult population in Jordan. Int J Dent Hyg

;2(3):132-6.

Bansal M, Mittal N, Singh TB. Assessment of the prevalence of periodontal diseases and treatment needs: A hospital-based study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015;19(2):211-5.

Nethravathi TD, Joshipura V, Venugopal S, Subbaiah SK, Jagadeesh KN, Apparaju V. A comparative assessment of periodontal status and treatment needs among population in Tumkur district using CPITN: An epidemiological study. J Adv Clin Res Insi 2015;2(3):120-3.

Hermann P1, Gera I, Borbély J, Fejérdy P, Madléna M. Periodontal health of an adult population in Hungary: findings of a national survey. J Clin Periodontol 2009;36(6):449-57.

Skudutyte-Rysstad, R., Eriksen, H. M. & Hansen, B. F. Trends in periodontal health among 35-year olds in Oslo, 1973–2003. J Clin Periodontol

:34(10):867-72.

Pilot T, Miyazaki H. Periodontal conditions in Europe. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18(6):353–7.

Jin Y, Yip HK. Supragingival calculus: formation and control. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13 (5):426-41.

Kovacević V, Milosavljević M, Rancić N, Daković D. Assessment of the periodontal health and community periodontal index in the Army of Serbia.

Vojnosanit Pregl 2015;72(11):953-60.

Oliver RC, Brown LJ, Lo¨e H. Periodontal disease in the United States population. J Periodontol 1998;69(2):269-78.

Albander JM, Kingman A. Gingival recession, gingival bleeding, and dental calculus in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States, 1988–1994. J Periodontol 1999;70(1):30-43.

Petersen PE. The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century – the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003;31(Suppl 1):3-24.

World Health Organization. The WHO Global Oral Health Data Bank. 2003. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Cepeda MS, Weinstein R, Blacketer C, Lynch MC. Association of flossing/inter-dental cleaning and periodontitis in adults. J Clin Periodontol 2017;44

(9):866-71.

Chaffee BW, Couch ET, Ryder MI. The tobaccousing periodontal patient: role of the dental practitioner in tobacco cessation and periodontal disease management. Periodontol 2000 2016;71(1):52-64.

Sälzer S, Slot DE, Van der Weijden FA, Dörfer CE. Efficacy of inter-dental mechanical plaque control in managing gingivitis--a meta-review. J Clin Periodontol 2015;42(Suppl 16):S92-105.

mechanical plaque control in managing gingivitis--a meta-review. J Clin Periodontol 2015;42(Suppl 16):S92-105.

Downloads

Published

2021-07-30

How to Cite

1.
Gul SS. Periodontal disease status and treatment need among a Kurdish population in Sulaimani - Iraq as assessed by CPITN index. EDJ [Internet]. 2021 Jul. 30 [cited 2024 Mar. 29];4(1):61-7. Available from: https://edj.hmu.edu.krd/index.php/journal/article/view/108

Issue

Section

Original Articles