Evaluation of Skeletal Variations and Establishment of Cephalometric Norms in a sample of Kurdish Population Using Bjork-Jarabak’s Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15218/edj.2025.1Keywords:
Cephalometric analysis, Bjork-Jarabak Norms, Hyperdivergent profile, Kurdish PopulationAbstract
Background and Objective: Cephalometric analysis is essential in orthodontics for diagnosing malocclusion and understanding craniofacial growth. The Bjork-Jarabak analysis is widely used to evaluate skeletal variations and establish normative data for different populations, Bjork-Jarabak analysis is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aimed to establish cephalometric norms for the Kurdish population in Erbil city/ Iraq, using the Bjork-Jarabak method, addressing the lack of localized data.
Methods: The study enrolled 222 Kurdish adults aged 18 - 47 years at Hawler Medical University’s College of Dentistry. Participants with no orthodontic history, balanced facial profiles, and no craniofacial anomalies were included. Lateral cephalographs were taken using the Newtom Giano machine and analyzed with WEBCEPH Imaging Software “A.I. Web-based Orthodontic & Orthognathic Platform”. Cephalometric measurements, including the Jarabak quotient, facial height ratio, and polygon “Jarabak sum”, were compared to Bjork-Jarabak norms. Gender-specific analyses were also conducted.
Results: Most cephalometric measurements significantly differed from Jarabak norms, except SNB. Gonial angle, Bjork sum, and facial length on the Y-axis were lower, while ramus height, ANB, posterior and anterior facial heights, and facial concavity were higher. Males had greater posterior facial height, mandibular body length, and ramus height, whereas females had higher facial convexity. Normodivergence was observed in, 85.6 %, with males showing more hypo- and hyperdivergence. Significant cephalometric differences were found between male and female Kurdish participants.
Conclusion: The study reveals significant cephalometric differences in the Kurdish population compared to Bjork-Jarabak norms, showing a hypodivergent profile and gender-based variations. These findings emphasize the need for population-specific standards to improve orthodontic diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
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