Optimization of a Novel Toothpaste Formula Containing Calcined Kaolin, Perlite, Hydroxyapatite, and Calcium Carbonate for Enhanced Cleaning Efficiency, Enamel Polishing, and Abrasivity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15218/edj.2026.22Keywords:
dentifrice formulation, calcined kaolin, perlite, hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, enamel polishingAbstract
Background and Objectives: Effective toothpaste formulations must balance plaque and stain removal, enamel polishing, and controlled abrasivity to support long-term oral health. While conventional silica-based abrasives provide strong cleaning performance, they may contribute to excessive dentin wear over time.
Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel dentifrice formulation containing calcined kaolin, perlite, hydroxyapatite, and calcium carbonate, designed to optimize cleaning efficacy, enamel polishing, and safe abrasivity.
Methods: An experimental toothpaste was developed in EU/US research laboratory and evaluated using standardized in vitro methods. Cleaning performance was assessed by the Pellicle Cleaning Ratio (PCR), while abrasivity was measured using Relative Dentin Abrasivity (RDA) and Relative Enamel Abrasivity (REA) according to ISO/ADA protocols. Enamel polishing potential was determined using Specular Reflectance Percentage (SRP). Statistical analyses were performed using two-tailed t-tests and one-way ANOVA, with significance set at P < 0.05.
Results: The experimental formulation achieved a PCR value of 145.6 ± 4.0, significantly exceeding the ISO/ADA reference standard (PCR = 100), indicating superior stain-removal efficacy. Enamel polishing performance demonstrated a substantial increase in surface gloss (ΔGloss = 83.2 ± 1.6). Despite its strong cleaning action, abrasivity remained within accepted safety limits, with RDA approximately 95 and REA approximately 57, suggesting effective cleaning and polishing without excessive dentin or enamel wear.
Conclusion: The calcined kaolin–perlite dentifrice demonstrated enhanced cleaning efficiency and enamel polishing while maintaining safe abrasivity levels. These findings support the use of complementary performance measures, including PCR and SRP, alongside RDA, for a more comprehensive evaluation of dentifrice effectiveness.
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