Radiographic Evaluation of The Bone Density Around Tooth-Anchored One-Piece Immediate-Loading Dental Implant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15218/edj.2024.17Keywords:
Bone density, Immediate loading, Dental implants, One-piece implant, Radiographic analysisAbstract
Introduction: Immediate loading of dental implants has gained attention for its potential to enhance patient satisfaction and reduce treatment time. However, limited data exists on its effects on bone density around tooth-anchored, one-piece compressive implants. This study evaluates the impact of immediate functional loading on bone density changes using radiographic grayscale and texture analysis over one year.
Materials and Methods: A total of 68 patients (mean age: 56 ±8.2 years) received 89 distal implants in free-end partial edentulous sites. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for treatment planning, and intra-oral digital radiographs were taken at baseline (T0), six months (T1), and one year (T2). Functional loading began seven days post-implantation using fixed porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) prostheses. Grayscale values and texture parameters, including mean, standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CV), were analyzed in regions of interest (ROIs) around the implants.
Results: Significant increases in bone density were observed across all ROIs between T0 and T1 and T0 and T2 (P<0.05). Between T1 and T2, differences were less pronounced but still indicated stabilization.
Upper ROIs: Significant changes (P<0.05) were observed across all time intervals except CV between T1 and T2 (P>0.05).
Lower ROIs: Consistently significant improvements (P<0.05) at all time intervals.
Mesial ROIs: Significant differences in SD and CV across all intervals (P<0.05), with notable mean changes between T0 and T2.
Distal ROIs: Early significant changes (T0-T1, P<0.05) in SD and CV, with stabilization by T2 (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Immediate functional loading enhances bone density, particularly within the first six months, with continued stability over one year, demonstrating its effectiveness for tooth-anchored one-piece compressive dental implants.
References
Hobo S, Ichida E, Garcia LT. Osseointegration and Occlusal Rehabilitation. Quintessence Publishing Company; 1989. 510 p.
Durrani F, Nahid R, Pandey S, Singh P, Pandey A. One-piece implants: Careful approach for complex rehabilitation. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2021;12(2):266–70.
Hoffmann O, Zafiropoulos GG. Tooth-implant connection: a review. J Oral Implantol. 2012 Apr;38(2):194–200.
Bone metabolism and renal stone risk during International Space Station missions - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 18]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26456109/
Cortes ARG, Jin Z, Morrison MD, Arita ES, Song J, Tamimi F. Mandibular tori are associated with mechanical stress and mandibular shape. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014 Nov;72(11):2115–25.
Del Fabbro M, Testori T, Francetti L, Taschieri S, Weinstein R. Systematic review of survival rates for immediately loaded dental implants. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2006 Jun;26(3):249–63.
Kuroshima S, Kaku M, Ishimoto T, Sasaki M, Nakano T, Sawase T. A paradigm shift for bone quality in dentistry: A literature review. J Prosthodont Res. 2017 Oct;61(4):353–62.
Mundim MBV, Dias DR, Costa RM, Leles CR, Azevedo-Marques PM, Ribeiro-Rotta RF. Intraoral radiographs texture analysis for dental implant planning. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2016 Nov;136:89–96.
Gerhardt MN, Villarinho EA, Rockenbach MIB, Vigo Á, Dos Reis RCP, Shinkai RSA. Radiographic changes of trabecular bone density after loading of implant-supported complete dentures: A 3-year prospective study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2019 Oct;21(5):1041–7.
Hansson S. A conical implant-abutment interface at the level of the marginal bone improves the distribution of stresses in the supporting bone. An axisymmetric finite element analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003 Jun;14(3):286–93.
Herekar MG, Patil VN, Mulani SS, Sethi M, Padhye O. The influence of thread geometry on biomechanical load transfer to bone: A finite element analysis comparing two implant thread designs. Dent Res J. 2014;11(4):489–94.
Prithviraj DR, Gupta V, Muley N, Sandhu P. One-piece implants: placement timing, surgical technique, loading protocol, and marginal bone loss. J Prosthodont Off J Am Coll Prosthodont. 2013 Apr;22(3):237–44.
Hatch JP, Shinkai RS, Sakai S, Rugh JD, Paunovich ED. Determinants of masticatory performance in dentate adults. Arch Oral Biol. 2001 Jul;46(7):641–8.
Yoon KH, Kim SG, Lee JH, Suh SW. 3D finite element analysis of changes in stress levels and distributions for an osseointegrated implant after vertical bone loss. Implant Dent. 2011 Oct;20(5):354–9.
Golden WG, Driscoll CF. Overview of Lingualized Occlusion. In: Treating the Complete Denture Patient [Internet]. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2020 [cited 2023 Oct 20]. p. 99–104. Availablefrom: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119569558.ch16
Guarnieri R, Miccoli G, Seracchiani M, Angelo MD, Nardo DD, Testarelli L. Changes of Radiographic Trabecular Bone Density and Peri-Implant Marginal Bone Vertical Dimensions Around Non-Submerged Dental Implants with a Laser-Microtextured Collar after 5 Years of Functional Loading. The Open Dentitry Journal. 2020;
Haralick RM, Shanmugan K, Dinstein I. Textural features for image classification., IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed. 1973;(3):610–21.
Turkyilmaz I, Tözüm TF, Tumer C. Bone density assessments of oral implant sites using computerized tomography. J Oral Rehabil. 2007 Apr;34(4):267–72.
Lauritano D, Grassi R, di Stasio D, Lucchese A, Petruzzi M. Successful mandible rehabilitation of lower incisors with one-piece implants. J Med Case Reports. 2014 Dec 5;8:406.
Piattelli A, Corigliano M, Scarano A, Costigliola G, Paolantonio M. Immediate loading of titanium plasma-sprayed implants: an histologic analysis in monkeys. J Periodontol. 1998 Mar;69(3):321–7.
Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lindhe J. Bone reactions to longstanding functional load at implants: an experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 2005 Sep;32(9):925–32.
Gotfredsen K, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Bone reactions adjacent to titanium implants subjected to static load. A study in the dog (I). Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001 Feb;12(1):1–8.
Radi IAW, Ibrahim W, Iskandar SMS, AbdelNabi N. Prognosis of dental implants in patients with low bone density: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2018 Nov;120(5):668–77.
Ramachandran A, Singh K, Rao J, Mishra N, Jurel SK, Agrawal KK. Changes in alveolar bone density around immediate functionally and nonfunctionally loaded implants. J Prosthet Dent. 2016 Jun;115(6):712–7.
Appleton RS, Nummikoski PV, Pigno MA, Cronin RJ, Chung KH. A radiographic assessment of progressive loading on bone around single osseointegrated implants in the posterior maxilla. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005 Apr;16(2):161–7.
Akoğlan M, Tatli U, Kurtoğlu C, Salimov F, Kurkcu M. Effects of different loading protocols on the secondary stability and peri-implant bone density of the single implants in the posterior maxilla. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2017 May 10;19.
Carneiro LS, da Cunha HA, Leles CR, Mendonça EF. Digital subtraction radiography evaluation of longitudinal bone density changes around immediate loading implants: a pilot study. Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol. 2012 Mar;41(3):241–7.
Turkyilmaz I, Ozan O, Yilmaz B, Ersoy AE. Determination of bone quality of 372 implant recipient sites using Hounsfield unit from computerized tomography: a clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2008 Dec;10(4):238–44.
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Bangen Mohammed Karam, Bahar Jaafar Selivany, Huda Jameel Qasim, Rafah Hussein Mohammed (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright on any article published in Erbil Dental Journal is retained by the author(s) in agreement with the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial ShareAlike License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
