Effect of addition of silver nanoparticles on flexural and impact strength of heat cure acrylic resin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15218/edj.2019.16Keywords:
Acrylic resin, silver nanoparticles, flexural strength, impact strengthAbstract
Background and objectives: Heat cure denture base material is the most commonly used ma-terial for fabrication of removable prosthesis since its introduction in 1937. The unresolved problem of frequent fracture is one of the main drawbacks when used in denture construction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of silver nanoparticles on flexural and impact strength of heat-polymerized resin.
Materials and methods: Silver nanoparticles were impregnated at 1%, 3% and 5% by weight to the monomer of methyl methacrylate with the aid of probe sonicator. Afterward, they were mixed with the acrylic powder. Sixty samples were prepared in total to observe its influence on flexural and impact strength.
Results: Flexural strength values revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among the three concentrations. The results indicated a 22% reduction in the mean value for 3% while 1% and 5% caused 20% and 21% decrease respectively when compared to control. Regarding impact test, it demonstrated a statistically significant difference only for 5% that caused a dras-tic drop in impact value by 41% in contrast to the control group.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the addition of silver nanoparticles caused a reduction in mechanical strength of heat cure acrylic except for 3% which caused a minor non-significant increase in impact strength. Considering the negative effect on mechanical strength and jeopardizing the aesthetic value for acrylic, it can’t be consid-ered as a suitable additive to enhance the properties tested.
References
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3. Arora S, Khindaria SK, Garg S, Mittal S. Comparative evaluation of linear dimensional changes of four commercially available heat cure acrylic resins. Contemporary clinical dentistry. 2011;2(3):182.
4. Raghdaa KJ, Ali AM. Evaluation and comparison of the effect of repeated microwave irradiations on some mechanical and physical properties of heat cure acrylic resin and valplast (nylon) denture base materials. Journal of baghdad college of dentistry. 2011;23(3):6–10.
5. Yli-Urpo A, Lappalainen R, Huuskonen O. Frequency of damage to and need for repairs of removable dentures. Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society Suomen Hammaslaakariseuran toimituksia. 1985;81(3):151.
6. Kim YK, Grandini S, Ames JM, Gu L, Kim SK, Pashley DH, et al. Critical review on methacrylate resin–based root canal sealers. Journal of Endodontics. 2010;36(3):383–399.
7. Spasojevic P, Zrilic M, Panic V, Stamenkovic D, Seslija S, Velickovic S. The mechanical properties of a poly (methyl methacrylate) denture base material modified with dimethyl itaconate and din-butyl itaconate. International Journal of Polymer Science. 2015;2015:1-9.
8. Price CA. A history of dental polymers. Australian prosthodontic journal. 1994; 8:47–54.
9. Jagger DC, Harrison A, Jandt KD. The reinforcement of dentures. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 1999;26(3):185–194.
10. Vivek R, Soni R. Denture base materials: Some relevant properties and their determination. Int J Dent Oral Health. 2015;1(4):1–3.
11. Nejatian T, Sefat F, Johnson T. Impact of Packing and Processing Technique on Mechanical Properties of Acrylic Denture Base Materials. Materials. 2015;24;8(5):2093–109.
12. Nejatian T, Johnson A, Van Noort R. Reinforcement of denture base resin. In: Advances in Science and Technology. Trans Tech Publ; 2006: 124-129.
13. Hamedi-Rad F, Ghaffari T, Rezaii F, Ramazani A. Effect of nanosilver on thermal and mechanical properties of acrylic base complete dentures. Journal of dentistry (Tehran University of Medical Sciences). 2014;11(5):495–505.
14. Alla RK, Sajjan S, Alluri VR, Ginjupalli K, UpadhyaN. Influence of fiber reinforcement on the properties of denture base resins. Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology. 2013;4(1):91–7.
15. Arıkan A, Ozkan YK, Arda T, Akalın B. Effect of 180 days of water storage on the transverse strength of acetal resin denture base material. Journal of Prosthodontics: Implant, Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry. 2010;19(1):47–51.
16. TAHEREH Ghafari, Hamedi RF, EZZATI B. Does addition of silver nanoparticles to denture base resin increase its thermal conductivity? 2014;32.
17. Alnamel HA, Mudhaffer M. The effect of Silicon di oxide Nano-Fillers reinforcement on some properties of heat cure polymethyl methacrylate denture base material. Journal of baghdad college of dentistry. 2014;26(1):32–36.
18. Gad M, ArRejaie AS, Abdel-Halim MS, Rahoma A. The Reinforcement Effect of Nano-Zirconia on the Transverse Strength of Repaired Acrylic Denture Base. International Journal of Dentistry. 2016;2016:1–6.
19. Ajaj-ALKordy NM, Alsaadi MH. Elastic modulus and flexural strength comparisons of high-impact and traditional denture base acrylic resins. The Saudi dental journal. 2014;26(1):15–18.
20. Venkat R, Gopichander N, Vasantakumar M. Comprehensive analysis of repair/reinforcement materials for polymethyl methacrylate denture bases: mechanical and dimensional stability characteristics. The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society. 2013;13(4):439–49.
21. Kanie T, Arikawa H, Fujii K, Ban S. Impact strength of acrylic denture base resin reinforced with woven glass fiber. Dental materials journal. 2003;22(1):30–8.
22. Arora N, Jain V, Chawla A, Mathur VP. Effect of addition of sapphire (Aluminum oxide) or silver fillers on the flexural strength, thermal diffusivity and water sorption of heat-polymerized acrylic resins. Int J Prosthodont Restorat Dent. 2011;1(1):21–27.
23. Yadav P, Mittal R, Sood VK, Garg R. Effect of Incorporation of Silane-Treated Silver and Aluminum Microparticles on Strength and Thermal Conductivity of PMMA. Journal of Prosthodontics: Implant, Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry. 2012;21(7):546–551.
24. Köroğlu A, ŞAHİN O, KÜRKÇÜOĞLU I, DEDE DÖ, ÖZDEMİR T, Hazer B. Silver nanoparticle incorporation effect on mechanical and thermal properties of denture base acrylic resins. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2016;24(6):590–596.
25. Munikamaiah RL, Jain SK, Pal KS, Gaikwad A. Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Polymethyl Methacrylate modified with Silver Colloidal Nanoparticles subjected to Two Different Curing Cycles: An in vitro Study. The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2018;19(3):262–268.
26. Oyar P, Asghari Sana F, Durkan R. Comparison of mechanical properties of heat-polymerized acrylic resin with silver nanoparticles added at different concentrations and sizes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2018;135(6):45807.
27. Uzun G, Hersek N, Tincer T. Effect of five woven fiber reinforcements on the impact and transverse strength of a denture base resin. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1999;81(5):616–620.
28. Ghaffari T, Hamedirad F, Ezzati B. In Vitro Comparison of Compressive and Tensile Strengths ofAcrylic Resins Reinforced by Silver Nanoparticles at 2% and0. 2% Concentrations. Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects. 2014;8(4):204.
29. Cevik P, Yildirim-Bicer AZ. The effect of silica and prepolymer nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of denture base acrylic resin. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2016;1–8.
30. Salahuddin N, El-Kemary M, Ibrahim E. Reinforcement of polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin with ZnO nanostructures. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. 2018;15(2):448–459.material. Journal of baghdad college of dentistry. 2015;27(1):32–39.
31. Kassaee MZ, Akhavan A, Sheikh N, Sodagar A. Antibacterial effects of a new dental acrylic resin containing silver nanoparticles. Journal of applied polymer science. 2008;110(3):1699–1703.
32. Revised American Dental Association specification No. 12 for denture base polymers. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1975;90
33. ISO 1567:1999 Denture Base Polymers.
34. British Standards Institution. Plastics - determination of charpy impact properties. noninstrumented impact test (ISO 179-1:2010). Part 1 Part 1. London: British Standards Institution; 2010.
35. ISO 291:2008 Plastics - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing.
36. Jagger DC, Harrison A, Jandt KD. The reinforcement of dentures. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 1999;26(3):185–194.
37. Kawaguchi T, Lassila LV, Sasaki H, Takahashi Y, Vallittu PK. Effect of heat treatment of polymethyl methacrylate powder on mechanical properties of denture base resin. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials. 2014; 39:73–78.
38. Ahmed MA, Ebrahim MI. Effect of Zirconium Oxide Nano-Fillers Addition on the Flexural Strength, Fracture Toughness, and Hardness of Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resin. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering. 2014;4(2):50–7.
39. Beyli MS, Von Fraunhofer JA. An analysis of causes of fracture of acrylic resin dentures. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1981;46(3):238–241.
40. Stafford GD, Huggett R, Causton BE. Fracture toughness of denture base acrylics. Journal of biomedical materials research. 1980;14(4):359
41. Hashem M, Alsaleem SO, Assery MK, Abdeslam EB, Vellappally S, Anil S. A comparative study of the mechanical properties of the light-cure and conventional denture base resins. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2014;13(2):311–5.
42. Ihab NS. Evaluation the effect of modified nanofillers addition on some properties of heat cured acrylic denture base material. Journal of Baghdad college of dentistry. 2011;23(3):23–29.
43. Hameed HK, Rahman HA. The effect of addition nano particle ZrO2 on some properties of autoclave processed heat cure acrylic denture base (2):451–458
44. Asopa V, Suresh S, Khandelwal M, Sharma V, Asopa SS, Kaira LS. A comparative evaluation of properties of zirconia reinforced high impact acrylic resin with that of high impact acrylic resin. The Saudi Journal for Dental Research. 2015 Jul;6 (2):146–51.
45. Shirkavand S, Moslehifard E. Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on tensile strength of dental acrylic resins. Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects. 2014;8(4):197.
46. Nazirkar G, Bhanushali S, Singh S, Pattanaik B, Raj N. Effect of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Flexural Strength of Heat Cured Poly Methyl Methacrylate Resins: An In-Vitro Study. The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society. 2014 Dec;14(S1):144–9.
47. Tandra E, Wahyuningtyas E, Sugiatno E. The effect of nanoparticles TiO2 on the flexural strength of acrylic resin denture plate. Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry. 2018;30(1).
48. Sodagar A, Bahador A, Khalil S, Saffar Shahroudi A, Zaman Kassaee M. The effect of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles on flexural strength of poly (methyl methacrylate) acrylic resins. Journal of Prosthodontic Research. 2013 Jan;57(1):15–9.
49. Nejatian T, Johnson A, Van Noort R. Reinforcement of denture base resin. In: Advances in Science and Technology [Internet]. Trans Tech Publ; 2006. p. 124–129. Available from: https:// www.scientific.net/AST.49.124
50. Kul E, Aladağ Lİ, Yesildal R. Evaluation of thermal conductivity and flexural strength properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) denture base material reinforced with different fillers. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2016;116(5):803–810.–371.
51. Chladek G, Basa K, Mertas A, Pakie\la W, Żmudzki J, Bobela E, et al. Effect of Storage in Distilled Water for Three Months on the Antimicrobial Properties of Poly (methyl methacrylate) Denture Base Material Doped with Inorganic Filler. Materials. 2016;9(5):328.
52. Vojdani M, Bagheri R, Khaledi AAR. Effects of aluminum oxide addition on the flexural strength, surface hardness, and roughness of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Journal of dental sciences. 2012;7(3):238–244.
2. Alla R, Raghavendra KN, Vyas R, Konakanchi A. Conventional and contemporary polymers for the fabrication of denture prosthesis: part Ioverview, composition and properties. Int J Appl Dent Sci. 2015; 1(4):82–89.
3. Arora S, Khindaria SK, Garg S, Mittal S. Comparative evaluation of linear dimensional changes of four commercially available heat cure acrylic resins. Contemporary clinical dentistry. 2011;2(3):182.
4. Raghdaa KJ, Ali AM. Evaluation and comparison of the effect of repeated microwave irradiations on some mechanical and physical properties of heat cure acrylic resin and valplast (nylon) denture base materials. Journal of baghdad college of dentistry. 2011;23(3):6–10.
5. Yli-Urpo A, Lappalainen R, Huuskonen O. Frequency of damage to and need for repairs of removable dentures. Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society Suomen Hammaslaakariseuran toimituksia. 1985;81(3):151.
6. Kim YK, Grandini S, Ames JM, Gu L, Kim SK, Pashley DH, et al. Critical review on methacrylate resin–based root canal sealers. Journal of Endodontics. 2010;36(3):383–399.
7. Spasojevic P, Zrilic M, Panic V, Stamenkovic D, Seslija S, Velickovic S. The mechanical properties of a poly (methyl methacrylate) denture base material modified with dimethyl itaconate and din-butyl itaconate. International Journal of Polymer Science. 2015;2015:1-9.
8. Price CA. A history of dental polymers. Australian prosthodontic journal. 1994; 8:47–54.
9. Jagger DC, Harrison A, Jandt KD. The reinforcement of dentures. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 1999;26(3):185–194.
10. Vivek R, Soni R. Denture base materials: Some relevant properties and their determination. Int J Dent Oral Health. 2015;1(4):1–3.
11. Nejatian T, Sefat F, Johnson T. Impact of Packing and Processing Technique on Mechanical Properties of Acrylic Denture Base Materials. Materials. 2015;24;8(5):2093–109.
12. Nejatian T, Johnson A, Van Noort R. Reinforcement of denture base resin. In: Advances in Science and Technology. Trans Tech Publ; 2006: 124-129.
13. Hamedi-Rad F, Ghaffari T, Rezaii F, Ramazani A. Effect of nanosilver on thermal and mechanical properties of acrylic base complete dentures. Journal of dentistry (Tehran University of Medical Sciences). 2014;11(5):495–505.
14. Alla RK, Sajjan S, Alluri VR, Ginjupalli K, UpadhyaN. Influence of fiber reinforcement on the properties of denture base resins. Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology. 2013;4(1):91–7.
15. Arıkan A, Ozkan YK, Arda T, Akalın B. Effect of 180 days of water storage on the transverse strength of acetal resin denture base material. Journal of Prosthodontics: Implant, Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry. 2010;19(1):47–51.
16. TAHEREH Ghafari, Hamedi RF, EZZATI B. Does addition of silver nanoparticles to denture base resin increase its thermal conductivity? 2014;32.
17. Alnamel HA, Mudhaffer M. The effect of Silicon di oxide Nano-Fillers reinforcement on some properties of heat cure polymethyl methacrylate denture base material. Journal of baghdad college of dentistry. 2014;26(1):32–36.
18. Gad M, ArRejaie AS, Abdel-Halim MS, Rahoma A. The Reinforcement Effect of Nano-Zirconia on the Transverse Strength of Repaired Acrylic Denture Base. International Journal of Dentistry. 2016;2016:1–6.
19. Ajaj-ALKordy NM, Alsaadi MH. Elastic modulus and flexural strength comparisons of high-impact and traditional denture base acrylic resins. The Saudi dental journal. 2014;26(1):15–18.
20. Venkat R, Gopichander N, Vasantakumar M. Comprehensive analysis of repair/reinforcement materials for polymethyl methacrylate denture bases: mechanical and dimensional stability characteristics. The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society. 2013;13(4):439–49.
21. Kanie T, Arikawa H, Fujii K, Ban S. Impact strength of acrylic denture base resin reinforced with woven glass fiber. Dental materials journal. 2003;22(1):30–8.
22. Arora N, Jain V, Chawla A, Mathur VP. Effect of addition of sapphire (Aluminum oxide) or silver fillers on the flexural strength, thermal diffusivity and water sorption of heat-polymerized acrylic resins. Int J Prosthodont Restorat Dent. 2011;1(1):21–27.
23. Yadav P, Mittal R, Sood VK, Garg R. Effect of Incorporation of Silane-Treated Silver and Aluminum Microparticles on Strength and Thermal Conductivity of PMMA. Journal of Prosthodontics: Implant, Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry. 2012;21(7):546–551.
24. Köroğlu A, ŞAHİN O, KÜRKÇÜOĞLU I, DEDE DÖ, ÖZDEMİR T, Hazer B. Silver nanoparticle incorporation effect on mechanical and thermal properties of denture base acrylic resins. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2016;24(6):590–596.
25. Munikamaiah RL, Jain SK, Pal KS, Gaikwad A. Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Polymethyl Methacrylate modified with Silver Colloidal Nanoparticles subjected to Two Different Curing Cycles: An in vitro Study. The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2018;19(3):262–268.
26. Oyar P, Asghari Sana F, Durkan R. Comparison of mechanical properties of heat-polymerized acrylic resin with silver nanoparticles added at different concentrations and sizes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2018;135(6):45807.
27. Uzun G, Hersek N, Tincer T. Effect of five woven fiber reinforcements on the impact and transverse strength of a denture base resin. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1999;81(5):616–620.
28. Ghaffari T, Hamedirad F, Ezzati B. In Vitro Comparison of Compressive and Tensile Strengths ofAcrylic Resins Reinforced by Silver Nanoparticles at 2% and0. 2% Concentrations. Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects. 2014;8(4):204.
29. Cevik P, Yildirim-Bicer AZ. The effect of silica and prepolymer nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of denture base acrylic resin. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2016;1–8.
30. Salahuddin N, El-Kemary M, Ibrahim E. Reinforcement of polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin with ZnO nanostructures. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. 2018;15(2):448–459.material. Journal of baghdad college of dentistry. 2015;27(1):32–39.
31. Kassaee MZ, Akhavan A, Sheikh N, Sodagar A. Antibacterial effects of a new dental acrylic resin containing silver nanoparticles. Journal of applied polymer science. 2008;110(3):1699–1703.
32. Revised American Dental Association specification No. 12 for denture base polymers. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1975;90
33. ISO 1567:1999 Denture Base Polymers.
34. British Standards Institution. Plastics - determination of charpy impact properties. noninstrumented impact test (ISO 179-1:2010). Part 1 Part 1. London: British Standards Institution; 2010.
35. ISO 291:2008 Plastics - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing.
36. Jagger DC, Harrison A, Jandt KD. The reinforcement of dentures. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 1999;26(3):185–194.
37. Kawaguchi T, Lassila LV, Sasaki H, Takahashi Y, Vallittu PK. Effect of heat treatment of polymethyl methacrylate powder on mechanical properties of denture base resin. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials. 2014; 39:73–78.
38. Ahmed MA, Ebrahim MI. Effect of Zirconium Oxide Nano-Fillers Addition on the Flexural Strength, Fracture Toughness, and Hardness of Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resin. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering. 2014;4(2):50–7.
39. Beyli MS, Von Fraunhofer JA. An analysis of causes of fracture of acrylic resin dentures. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1981;46(3):238–241.
40. Stafford GD, Huggett R, Causton BE. Fracture toughness of denture base acrylics. Journal of biomedical materials research. 1980;14(4):359
41. Hashem M, Alsaleem SO, Assery MK, Abdeslam EB, Vellappally S, Anil S. A comparative study of the mechanical properties of the light-cure and conventional denture base resins. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2014;13(2):311–5.
42. Ihab NS. Evaluation the effect of modified nanofillers addition on some properties of heat cured acrylic denture base material. Journal of Baghdad college of dentistry. 2011;23(3):23–29.
43. Hameed HK, Rahman HA. The effect of addition nano particle ZrO2 on some properties of autoclave processed heat cure acrylic denture base (2):451–458
44. Asopa V, Suresh S, Khandelwal M, Sharma V, Asopa SS, Kaira LS. A comparative evaluation of properties of zirconia reinforced high impact acrylic resin with that of high impact acrylic resin. The Saudi Journal for Dental Research. 2015 Jul;6 (2):146–51.
45. Shirkavand S, Moslehifard E. Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on tensile strength of dental acrylic resins. Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects. 2014;8(4):197.
46. Nazirkar G, Bhanushali S, Singh S, Pattanaik B, Raj N. Effect of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Flexural Strength of Heat Cured Poly Methyl Methacrylate Resins: An In-Vitro Study. The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society. 2014 Dec;14(S1):144–9.
47. Tandra E, Wahyuningtyas E, Sugiatno E. The effect of nanoparticles TiO2 on the flexural strength of acrylic resin denture plate. Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry. 2018;30(1).
48. Sodagar A, Bahador A, Khalil S, Saffar Shahroudi A, Zaman Kassaee M. The effect of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles on flexural strength of poly (methyl methacrylate) acrylic resins. Journal of Prosthodontic Research. 2013 Jan;57(1):15–9.
49. Nejatian T, Johnson A, Van Noort R. Reinforcement of denture base resin. In: Advances in Science and Technology [Internet]. Trans Tech Publ; 2006. p. 124–129. Available from: https:// www.scientific.net/AST.49.124
50. Kul E, Aladağ Lİ, Yesildal R. Evaluation of thermal conductivity and flexural strength properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) denture base material reinforced with different fillers. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2016;116(5):803–810.–371.
51. Chladek G, Basa K, Mertas A, Pakie\la W, Żmudzki J, Bobela E, et al. Effect of Storage in Distilled Water for Three Months on the Antimicrobial Properties of Poly (methyl methacrylate) Denture Base Material Doped with Inorganic Filler. Materials. 2016;9(5):328.
52. Vojdani M, Bagheri R, Khaledi AAR. Effects of aluminum oxide addition on the flexural strength, surface hardness, and roughness of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Journal of dental sciences. 2012;7(3):238–244.
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2019-12-06
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Omer RA, Ikram FS. Effect of addition of silver nanoparticles on flexural and impact strength of heat cure acrylic resin. EDJ [Internet]. 2019 Dec. 6 [cited 2024 Apr. 19];2(2):243-50. Available from: https://edj.hmu.edu.krd/index.php/journal/article/view/68
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