The Effect of Propolis Irrigation as an Adjunctive to Scaling and Root Surface Debridement on Periodontal Health Status, Glycemic Control and Biochemical Markers in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15218/edj.2024.3Keywords:
Propolis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, chronic periodontitisAbstract
Background: Periodontitis is the inflammation of supporting tooth structures; it is one of the six complications of diabetes, Propolis a local delivery agent can be used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Aim: To assess the effect of Propolis as adjunctive to scaling and root surface debridement for the treatment of periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: forty-five chronic periodontitis patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin 1 assay HbA1c≥8%) were recruited into group I; (n=15) scaling and root planing alone was performed, group II; (n=15) scaling and root planing+ chlorhexidine mouth wash twice a day for two weeks were prescribed, in the group III; scaling and root planing +Propolis irrigation was performed for two weeks, twice weekly. Clinical periodontal, haematological (fast blood sugar and glycated haemoglobin) and biochemical parameters (total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status) were recorded at base line and three months of therapy.
Results: The results indicated that there was a highly significant improvement of the clinical parameters in group I and II (p<0.001), in group I at baseline, the correlations between probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss with total antioxidant capacity were significant and highly significant respectively, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss with total oxidant status were significant. While after 3 months of therapy, the correlations between bleeding on probing and gingival index with total antioxidant capacity were significant and highly significant respectively, plaque index and gingival index with total oxidant status were significant.
Conclusion: Propolis irrigation could improve clinical periodontal parameters in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes, with significant improvement of fast blood sugar and total oxidant status in group II and glycated haemoglobin in group III were exhibited.
References
Hajishengallis, G., & Lamont, R. J. Beyond the red complex and into more complexity: the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis (PSD) model of periodontal disease etiology. Molecular oral microbiology, 2012. 27(6), 409-19.
Feng, Z., & Weinberg, A. Role of bacteria in health and disease of periodontal tissues. Periodontology 2000, 2006. 40(1), 50-76.
Wu, C.Z., Yuan, Y.H., Liu, H.H., Li, S.S., Zhang, B.W., Chen, W., et al. Epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Oral Health, 2020. 20(1),1-5.
Micha, R., Peñalvo, J.L., Cudhea, F., Imamura, F., Rehm, C.D., Mozaffarian D. Association between dietary factors and mortality from heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes in the United States. Jama, 2017. 317(9), 912-24
Matthews, J.B., Wright, H.J., Roberts, A., Cooper, P.R., Chapple, I, L. Hyperactivity and reactivity of peripheral blood neutrophils in chronic periodontitis. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 2007. 147(2),255-64.
Mealey, B.L. & Oates, T.W. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases. Journal of periodontology, 2006. 77(8),1289-303.
Brownlee, M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature, 2001. 414(6865),813-20.
West, I.C. Radicals and oxidative stress in diabetes. Diabetic medicine, 2000. 17(3),171-80.
Erel, O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clinical biochemistry, 2005. 38(12),1103-11.
Sies, H. Total antioxidant capacity: appraisal of a concept. The Journal of nutrition, 2007. 137(6),1493-5.
Collins, A.R. Assays for oxidative stress and antioxidant status: applications to research into the biological effectiveness of polyphenols. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005. 81(1),261S-7S.
Cobb, C.M. Microbes, inflammation, scaling and root planing, and the periodontal condition. American Dental Hygienists' Association, 2008. 82(suppl 2),4-9.
Feres, M. Antibiotics in the treatment of periodontal diseases: microbiological basis and clinical applications. Annals of the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons, 2008. 19, 37-44.
Hamzah, N., Aziz, S.A., Fauzi, A.R., Yusof, Y.A., Razali, M., & Ibrahim, N. Effects of gelam honey (Melaleuca cajuputi) on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. Journal of Dental Surgery, 2014. 2014, 1-8 https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/907970
Varoni, E.M., Lodi, G., Sardella, A., Carrassi, A., Iriti, M. Plant polyphenols and oral health: old phytochemicals for new fields. Current medicinal chemistry, 2012. 19(11),1706-20.
Curuțiu, C., Dițu, L.M., Grumezescu, A.M., Holban, A.M. Polyphenols of honeybee origin with applications in dental medicine. Antibiotics, 2020. 9(12), 856.
Fuliang, H.U., Hepburn, H.R., Xuan, H., Chen, M., Daya, S., & Radloff, S.E. Effects of propolis on blood glucose, blood lipid and free radicals in rats with diabetes mellitus. Pharmacological research, 2005. 51(2),147-52.
Kumazawa, S., Hamasaka, T., Nakayama, T. Antioxidant activity of propolis of various geographic origins. Food chemistry, 2004. 84(3),329-39.
Li, Y., Chen, M., Xuan, H., Hu, F. Effects of encapsulated propolis on blood glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2012. 2012, 1-8
Fukuda, T., Fukui, M., Tanaka, M., Senmaru, T., Iwase, H., Yamazaki, M., et al. Effect of Brazilian green propolis in patients with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. Biomedical reports, 2015. 3(3),355-60.
Santos, V.R., Ribeiro, F.V., Lima, J.A., Napimoga, M.H., Bastos, M.F., Duarte, P.M., et al. Cytokine levels in sites of chronic periodontitis of poorly controlled and well‐controlled type 2 diabetic subjects. Journal of clinical periodontology, 2010. 37(12),1049-58.
Armitage, G.C. The complete periodontal examination. Periodontology 2000, 2004. 34(1),22-33.
Coutinho, A. Honeybee propolis extract in periodontal treatment: A clinical and microbiological study of propolis in periodontal treatment. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2012. 23(2),294.
Thirugnanasampandan, R., Raveendran, S.B., Jayakumar, R. Analysis of chemical composition and bioactive property evaluation of Indian propolis. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2012. 2(8),651-4.
Al-Ani, I., Zimmermann, S., Reichling, J., Wink, M. Antimicrobial activities of European propolis collected from various geographic origins alone and in combination with antibiotics. Medicines, 2018. 5(1), 2.
AL-Greti, SH. Effect of ethanolic extract of propolis on humoral immunity in laboratory animals. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 2017. 26,1-5.
Könönen, E., Gursoy, M., Gursoy, U.K. Periodontitis: a multifaceted disease of tooth-supporting tissues. Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. 8(8), 1135.
Silness, J., & Loe, H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation
between oral hygiene and periodontal condtion. Acta Odontol Scand,
22,121-35.
Löe, H., & Silness, J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy I. Prevalence and severity. Acta odontologica scandinavica, 1963. 21(6),533-51.
Carranza, F.A., Newman, M.G., Takei, H., Klokkevold, P.R. Carranza’s Clinical periodontology 10th edition. Philadelpia, Elsevier Inc. 2006.
Aljohani, H.A. Association between hemoglobin level and severity of chronic periodontitis. JKAU med sci, 2010. 17(1),53-64.
Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R., King, H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes care, 2004. 27(5),1047-53.
Chapple, I.L., & Genco, R. Diabetes and periodontal diseases: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. J Clin Periodotol, 2013.84 (4 Suppl),S106-12.
American Academy of Periodontology Statement on Local Delivery of Sustained or Controlled Release Antimicrobials as Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis. J Periodontol, 2006.77:8.
Aral, C.A., Kesim, S., Greenwell, H., Kara, M., Cetin, A., Yakan, B. Alveolar bone protective and hypoglycemic effects of systemic propolis treatment in experimental periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. Journal of medicinal food, 2015. 18(2),195-201.
Ambreen, S., Maryam, R., Tipu, H.N. Propolis, A Hope for the Future in Treating Resistant Periodontal Pathogens. Cureus, 2016.8(7).
Toker, H., Ozan, F., Ozer, H., Ozdemir, H., Eren, K., Yeler, H. A morphometric and histopathologic evaluation of the effects of propolis on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats. Journal of periodontology, 2008. 79(6),1089-94.
Kudva, P., Tabasum, S.T., Garg, N. Evaluation of clinical and metabolic changes after non-surgical periodontal treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
patients: A clinico biochemical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol, 2010.14(4),257-262
Rapone, B., Ferrara, E., Qorri, E., Quadri, M.F., Dipalma, G., Mancini, A., et al. Intensive Periodontal Treatment Does Not Affect the Lipid Profile and Endothelial Function of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Biomedicines, 2022. 10(10), 2524.
Halboub, E., Al-Maweri, S.A., Al-Wesabi, M., Al-Kamel, A., Shamala, A., Al-Sharani, A., et al. Efficacy of propolis-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: A systematic review. BMC Oral Health, 2020. 20(1),1-8.
Garcia, D., Tarima, S., Okunseri, C. Periodontitis and glycemic control in diabetes: NHANES 2009 to 2012. Journal of periodontology, 2015. 86(4),499-506.
El‐Sharkawy, H.M., Anees, M.M., Van Dyke, T.E. Propolis improves periodontal status and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of periodontology, 2016. 87(12), 1418-26.
Anton, D.M., Martu, M.A., Maris, M., Maftei, G.A., Sufaru, I.G., Tatarciuc, D., et al. Study on the effects of melatonin on glycemic control and periodontal parameters in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Medicina, 2021, 57(2),140.
Afsharpour, F., Javadi, M., Hashemipour, S., Koushan, Y. Propolis supplementation improves glycemic and antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Complementary therapies in medicine, 2019. 43,283-8.
Bansal, N., Gupta, N.D., Bey, A., Sharma, V.K., Gupta, N., Trivedi, H. Impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on total antioxidant capacity in chronic periodontitis patients. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 2017. 21(4),291.
Vincent, R.R., Appukuttan, D., Balasundaram, A., Naik, V.K., Victor, D.J. Total antioxidant/oxidant status in chronic periodontitis patients with type II diabetes following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020. 8(1), 41-6.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Hozan Wrya Azeez (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright on any article published in Erbil Dental Journal is retained by the author(s) in agreement with the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial ShareAlike License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
